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Visual Guides/Probability Fundamentals
Probability

Probability Fundamentals: Rules of Chance

Flip coins, roll dice, draw cards. Build compound events and watch experimental probability converge to theory as you run thousands of simulations.

Events built: 0/3
Operator variety: 0/3
Simulation run
Venn regions explored: 0/2

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1

Event Sandbox

Build any compound event: choose an event type, an outcome, and optionally combine two events with AND, OR, or NOT. The theoretical probability updates instantly. Then run thousands of simulations to verify.

Event Builder

Quick Presets

P(Coin Flip: Heads)

Theoretical Probability

Theoretical Probability

0.500 (50.0%)

Rule Applied

Basic Probability

P(Coin Flip: Heads) = 1/2 ≈ 0.500

Out of 2 possible outcomes, 1 match your event.

Simulation

2

Venn Diagram Explorer

A die is rolled once. Circle A = even result, Circle B = result greater than 3. Toggle AND / OR / NOT A to see which regions are highlighted, and click regions to explore their counts and probabilities.

Fixed scenario: A die is rolled once. Circle A = even result {2, 4, 6}. Circle B = result > 3 {4, 5, 6}. Intersection = {4, 6}.
AEvenB> 31/6(die=2)2/6(4,6)1/6(die=5)Neither2/6 (1,3)

Highlighted: A AND B

2/6 outcomes, P = 0.333

Click a region to explore

Multiplication Rule

For independent events A and B: P(A AND B) = P(A) × P(B). Each event's outcome does not affect the other.

Addition Rule

P(A OR B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A AND B). Subtract the overlap to avoid counting shared outcomes twice.

Complement Rule

P(NOT A) = 1 − P(A). All probabilities sum to 1, so the complement fills the rest of the sample space.

← Visualizing DataNext: Conditional Probability →